Coffee and Starbucks Marketing Strategy - 4962 Words

12/03/2012 Group Assignment Modern Business and Management Business analysis of a public limited company: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Brief description of the company, its products and operations- p.3 2. Starbucks’ mission statement, its goals and an evaluation of its achievements in view of our knowledge- p.4 3. The company’s approach to social responsibility and its code of ethics- p.5 4. The degree of competition in the market it operates in, Starbucks’ marketing strategy, its target markets and competitors- p.6 5. Porter’s Five Forces analysis- p.7 6. Starbucks’ degree of involvement in the foreign markets- p.8 7. PESTEL analysis- P.9/10 8. Porter’s generic†¦show more content†¦They ensure that every farmer, who is producing coffee or cacao beans which are going to be used at Starbucks, gets a fair loan, has fair and human working conditions and that they protect the right of the workers and want to provide them adequate living conditions. Another thing is that they try to aware the rain forest. So Starbucks tries to fight against t he global climate change. They also try to avoid waste and to protect the water quality in the countries where their coffee is produced. 4. The degree of competition in the market it operates in, Starbucks’ marketing strategy, its target markets and competitors In the last few year the degree of competition in the coffee shop market increased a lot, while in the 1990s Starbucks had kind of a monopole as the only coffee shop chain, while nowadays there are more and more competitors. Like Tim Hortons a Canadian chain providing coffee and cakes with more of 3000 locations worldwide or McCafà ©. Also if Starbucks is until today the worldwide leading brand in this kind of segment, it is not that easier anymore. For example McCafe: McCafes are coffee shops included into McDonalds restaurant or also alone standing. They provide as same as the Starbucks coffee shops a wide range of bakery, hot and cold beverages and snacks. The only difference between them is the price, McCafe is focused like McDonalds on cost leadership, so they try that the prices are as small as possible, whileShow MoreRelatedMarketing Analysis and Strategy Recommendation for Starbucks Coffee Company2448 Words   |  10 PagesMARKETING ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY RECOMMENDATION FOR STARBUCKS COFFEE COMPANY INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to conduct market analysis and recommend appropriate marketing strategies for Starbucks Coffee. In the report, we will first look into Starbuckss goal, its product and markets. Then we will look into the key actions and decisions that lead to the success of the company. After that, we will discuss the issues that Starbucks is facing in this competitive global market. 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Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About Literary Analysis Outline and How It Can Affect You

Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About Literary Analysis Outline and How It Can Affect You The readers ought to be left with a last impression. A play, on the flip side, may require that you analyze and explain the relationship between the subplot and the main plot, or it might even make sense for you to delve into specific character traits of the principal characters and how their flaws may be revealed at various intervals in the play. Possessing an outline will permit you to organize your ideas and provide you an idea of direction on how your paragraphs should flow into one another. One particular prompt might request that you compare and contrast two characters. If after following the steps and taking note of the advice and tricks, you find it difficult to compose a crucial analysis, don't be afraid to ask aid from EssayPro. As soon as you are conversant with the most typical mistakes, it's an ideal time to be aware the tips, which can help you to be successful. These effective tips may help you produce the very best outline. Pay attention to the rubrics or guide questions offered to you. Bear in mind you should devote separate paragraph to every one of your statements. Ensure you divide information into paragraphs to create the text smooth and readable. Additionally, the topic sentence also gives every section focus in regard to the subject. Point 3 with a couple examples to show what it is that you are speaking about 7. Definitions of Literary Analysis Outline Very similar to all other kinds of essays, it's your thesis that carries the most weight. Sample of the way to compose an essay outline to show you just how to compose an essay outline here is a good example of the format. What you will need is is a blueprinta foolproof approach to receive your essay structured. An essay doesn't have any possibility of success in the lack of a carefully formulated thesis. Who Else Wants to Learn About Literary Analysis Outline? On ho w to compose a crucial analysis paper, you ought to be in a position to express your opinions basing from experience. Knowing about the outlines and formats for several kinds of essays is a fantastic way to augment the way in which you prefer to state your opinions. You could make 1 claim with lots of evidence, or five claims to back up your topic sentence. Therefore, you've got to be well-prepared regarding additional info, analysis, and researches of different men and women. Whether you've been requested to compose an analytical paragraph or possibly to pen a whole crucial analysis essay, the secret is to attempt to find things as the author did when they first wrote the work that you're analyzing. Allow the reader know how you're likely to show your claim. You also ought to learn some information regarding the author, it is going to let you understand his intentions and thoughts better. Evaluate whether the author has achieved the purpose of their written work. An analysis paper, as an example, that was based on a bit of poetry might require that you explore various varieties of imagery used in the poem, or even the connection between the content and the type of the piece used. You have not just to compose an essay except to read an original literary piece repeatedly, analyze it, research, make notes and so forth. Your assignment is being taken care of simply as you wish to pay for essays. Don't neglect to produce and use your literary analysis outline. Essay outline template is a powerful method to perform the process better. Locate an ideal sample literary analysis outline prior to starting. Making literary analysis outline is a significant portion of a writing process. New Ideas Into Literary Analysis Outline Never Before Revealed It's very essential for the student to realize that literary analysis truly is a process where there isn't any correct or wrong answer. Don't hesitate to bring any background information if it's pertinent to a thesis and can assist the audience understand your preferred position. There are a couple ways students may add their evidence. Students in the fields of Science and Arts have to earn a crucial analysis of earlier works as these analyses will prove how well you've mastered a specific profession and utilize it like a basis to dissect work. Literary Analysis Outline - Overview Something you're going to prove or confute. Thus, vaporous as it might be, it not only won't change, it CAN NOT change. On the other hand there's not anything wrong with getting assistance from a superb consultant on the right outline format. The Hidden Secret of Literary Analysis Outline Your literary analysis differs from a typical book review since you don't need to state if you enjoy a work of literature and whether you recommend it to a different reader. You may read about how to turn into a talented and productive essay writer here. If writing about the very first Hunger Games novel by Suzanne Co llins, for instance, you might use the feminist vital strategy. Literary Analysis Example An instance of an applied analysis is the one which asks the writer to examine issues of gender or private identity and the way they relate to their personal life. 1 thing to notice is that literary analysis is not a simple undertaking to achieve. The aim of your introduction is to have the reader interested in your analysis. The introduction should include three or more thingsa hook, your thesis statement, and a sentence or two describing how you plan to demonstrate your thesis statement. The debut of an argumentative essay sets the stage for your complete piece you may have to include background information linked to your argument.

Change Management free essay sample

Your assignment must be word-processed in Microsoft Word. All pages should be numbered. You are strongly advised to make a copy of your assignment before submission. Students are assessed anonymously. You should put your student registration number (but not your name) on the front cover and on the top right hand corner of every subsequent page. Please do not include your name anywhere on the document. Policy on Plagiarism: a) The work that you submit must be expressed in your own words. B) Plagiarism, which is presenting the views ND/or words of another person as if they are your own is strictly forbidden. ) If you do use quotations from books, Journals and or websites then these must be placed inside quotation marks and referenced ideally using the Harvard method. D) If you do cite the views/ideas of another person then you must refer to this person in the main body of the assignment, including the work cited in your bibliography. Lastly, I would like to thank all my friends/colleagues at L T -Ms. Deepa Borse, Ms. Preeti Munot, Ms. Durva Shrivastava and Mr. Bhooshan Chaudhari, for their valuable contribution. Declaration: I Ms. Monika P Bhambi, a student of Masters Program for Industrial Psychology, University of Mumbai, declare that this project has been carried out by me under the guidance of Dr. Satishchandra Kumar and Dr. Pramod Solanki.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Change is the only thing that will never change. So better adapt to it. † Change is something that presses us out of our comfort zone. Change is for better or for worse, depending upon how you view it. In the words of Charles Darwin â€Å"It’s neither the strongest nor most intelligent of the species that survive; it is the one most adaptable to Change†. There are two types of change in an organization: â€Å"planned† change and â€Å"unplanned† change. Planned change refers to initiatives that are driven â€Å"top-down† in an organization, before you change an organization change has to be planned; while â€Å"unplanned† change typically involves changes due to new ideas, conflict between individuals, departments or teams and political power struggles inside the organization. What distinguishes planned change from the routine change is its scope and magnitude. Planned change aims to prepare the entire organization, or a major part of it to adapt to significant changes in the organization’s goals and direction. Change management is a relatively new concept that focuses on WHY and HOW organizations change. Based on theory and research, it offers practical advice to managers who are confronted to change. It is a structured approach to change in individuals, teams, organizations and societies that enables the transition from a current state to a desired future state. It also entails thoughtful planning and sensitive implementation, and above all, consultation with, and involvement of, the people affected by the changes. John P kotter (who teaches leadership at Harvard business School) has made it his business to study both success and failure in change initiatives in business. â€Å"The most general lesson to be learned from the more successful cases is that the change process goes through a series of phases, that in total; usually require a considerable length of time. Skipping steps only creates the illusion of speed and never produces satisfactory results† and â€Å"making critical mistakes in any of the phases can have a devastating impact, slowing momentum and negating hard-won gains†. An article by John Kotter in the Harvard Business Review on Leading change: This article was originally published in the spring of 1995 which previewed Kotter’s 1996 book Leading change. It outlines eight big errors that organizations make while transforming. Let us take a look at each of them in brief: 1) Not establishing a great enough sense of urgency: Compared with other steps in the change process, phase one can sound easy. It is not. Well over 50% of the companies fail in this first phase. The reasons for this failure could be that sometimes executives underestimate how hard it can be to drive people out of their comfort zones. Sometimes they grossly overestimate how successful they have already been increasing urgency. Sometimes they lack patience: â€Å"Enough with the preliminaries; lets get on with it. † In many cases, executives become paralyzed by the downside possibilities. They worry that employees with seniority will become defensive, that morale will drop, that events will spin out of control, that short-term business results will be jeopardized, that the stock will sink and that they will be blamed for creating a crisis. A paralyzed senior management often comes from having too many managers and not enough leaders. Phase one in a renewal process typically goes nowhere until enough real leaders are promoted or hired into senior-level jobs. Transformations often begin, and begin well, when an organization has new head who is a good leader and who sees the need for a major change. If the renewal target is the entire company, the CEO is the key. If change is needed in a division, the division general manager is the key. When these individuals are not new leaders, great leaders, or change champions, phase one can be huge challenge. When is the urgency rate high enough? The answer to this question, as per kotter, is when about 75% of a company’s management is honestly convinced that business as usual is totally unacceptable. Anything less can produce very serious problems later on in the process. 2) Not creating a powerful enough guiding coalition: It is often said that major change is impossible unless the head of the organization is an active supporter. In successful transformations, the chairman or president or division general manager, plus another five or 15 or 50 people come together and develop a shared commitment to excellent performance through renewal. In both small and large organizations, a successful guiding team may consist of only three to five people during the first year of a renewal effort. But in big companies, the coalition need s to grow to the 20 to 50 range before much progress can be made in phase three and beyond. Because the guiding coalition includes members who are not part of a senior management, it tends to operate outside of the normal hierarchy by definition. This can be awkward, but it is clearly necessary. If the existing hierarchy were working well, there would be no need for a major transformation. But since the current system is not working, reform generally demands activity outside of formal boundaries, expectations and protocol. A high sense of urgency within the managerial ranks helps enormously in putting a guiding coalition together. But more is usually required. Someone needs to get these people together, help them develop a shared assessment of their company’s problems and opportunities, and create a minimum level of trust and communication. Off-site retreats, for two or three days, are one popular vehicle for accomplishing this task. Companies that fail in phase two usually underestimate the difficulties of producing change and thus the importance of a powerful guiding coalition. Sometimes they have no history of teamwork at the top and therefore undervalue the importance of this type of coalition. Efforts that do not have a powerful enough guiding coalition can make apparent progress for a while. But, sooner or later, the opposition gathers itself together and stops the change. ) Lacking a vision: A vision says something that helps clarify the direction in which an organization needs to move. Without a sensible vision, a transformation effort can easily dissolve into a list of confusing and incompatible projects that can take the organization in the wrong direction or nowhere at all. Without a sound vision, the reengineering project in the accounting department, the new 360-degree performance appraisal from the human resource department, the plant’s quality program, the cultural change project in the sales force will not add up in a meaningful way. In failed transformations, you often find plenty of plans, directives and programs but no vision. A useful rule of thumb: If you can’t communicate the vision to someone in five minutes or less and get a reaction that signifies both understanding and interest, you are not yet done with this phase of the transformation process. 4) Under communicating the vision by a factor of ten: Transformation is impossible unless hundreds or thousands of people are willing to help, often to the point of making short-term sacrifices. Employees will not make sacrifices, even if they are unhappy with the status quo, unless they believe that useful change is possible. Without credible communication, and a lot of it, the hearts and minds of the troops are never captured. This fourth phase is particularly challenging if the short-term sacrifices include job losses. Gaining understanding and support is tough when downsizing is a part of the vision. For this reason, successful visions usually include new growth possibilities and the commitment to treat fairly anyone who is laid off. In more successful transformation efforts, executives use all existing communication channels to broadcast the vision. They turn boring, unread company newsletters into lively articles about the vision. They take ritualistic, tedious quarterly management meetings and turn them into exciting discussions of the transformation. They throw out much of the company’s generic management education and replace it with courses that focus on business problems and the new vision. The guiding principle is simple: Use every possible channel, especially those that are being wasted on nonessential information. Perhaps, even more important, most of the executives in successful cases of major change learn to â€Å"walk the talk†. They consciously attempt to become a living symbol of the new corporate culture. This is often not easy. Communication comes in both words and deeds, and the latter are often the most powerful form. Nothing undermines change more than behavior by important individuals that is inconsistent with their words. 5) Not removing obstacles to the new vision: To some degree, a guiding coalition empowers others to take action simply by successfully communicating the new direction. But communication by itself is not sufficient. Renewal also requires the removal of obstacles. Too often, an employee understands the new vision and wants to help make it happen, but an elephant appears to be blocking the path. In some cases, the elephant is in the person’s head and the challenge is to convince the individual that no external obstacle exists. But in most cases, the blockers are very real. Sometimes the obstacle is the organizational structure: Narrow job categories can seriously undermine efforts to increase productivity or make it very difficult even to think about customers. Sometimes compensation or performance- appraisal systems make people choose between the new vision and their own self-interest. Perhaps worst of all are the bosses who refuse to change and who make demands that are inconsistent with the overall effort. In the first half of a transformation, no organization has the power, momentum or time to get rid of all obstacles. But the big ones must be confronted and removed. If the blocker is a person, it is important that he or she be treated fairly and in away that is consistent with the new vision. Action is essential, both to empower others and to maintain the credibility of the change effort as a whole. 6) Not systematically planning for and creating short-term wins: Real transformation takes time, and a renewal effort risks losing momentum if there are no short-term goals to meet and celebrate. Most people won’t go on the long march unless they see compelling evidence in 12 to 24 months that the journey is producing expected results. Without short-term wins, too many people give up or actively join the ranks of those people who have been resisting change. Creating short-term wins is different from hoping for short-term wins. The latter is passive, the former is active. In a successful transformation, managers actively look for ways to obtain clear performance improvements, establish goals in the yearly planning system, achieve the objectives, and reward the people involved with recognition, promotions and even money. Managers often complain about being forced to produce short-term wins, but I’ have found that pressure can be a useful element in a change effort. When it becomes clear to people that major change will take a long time, urgency level can drop. Commitments to produce short-term wins help keep the urgency level up and force detailed analytical thinking that can clarify or revise visions. 7) Declaring victory too soon: After a few years of hard work, managers may be tempted to declare victory with the first clear performance improvement. While celebrating a win is fine, declaring the war won can be catastrophic. Until changes sink deeply into a company’s culture, a process that can take five to ten years, new approaches are fragile and subject to regression. The problems start early in the process: the urgency level is not intense enough, the guiding coalition is not powerful enough and the vision is not clear enough. But it is premature victory celebration that kills momentum. And then the powerful forces associated with tradition take over. Ironically, it is often a combination of change initiators and change resistors that creates the premature victory celebration. In their enthusiasm over a clear sign of progress, the initiators go overboard. They are then joined by resistors, who are quick to spot ay opportunity to stop change. After the celebration is over, the resistors point to the victory as a sign that the war has been won and the troops should be sent home. Weary troops allow themselves to be convinced that they won. Once home, the foot soldiers are reluctant to climb back on the ships. Soon thereafter, change comes to a halt and tradition creeps back in. Instead of declaring victory, leaders of successful efforts use the credibility afforded by short-term wins to tackle even bigger problems. They go after systems and structures that are not consistent with the transformation vision and have not been confronted before. They pay great attention to who is promoted, who is hired and how people are developed. They include new reengineering projects that are even bigger in scope than the initial ones. They understand that renewal efforts take not months but years. 8) Not anchoring changes in the corporation’s culture: In the final analysis, change sticks when it becomes â€Å"the way we do things around here†, when it seeps into the bloodstreams of the corporate body. Until new behaviors are rooted in social norms and shared values, they are subject to degradation as soon as the pressure for change is removed. Two factors are particularly important in institutionalizing change in corporate culture. The first is a conscious attempt to show people how the new approaches, behaviors and attitudes have helped improve performance. When people are left on their own to make the connections, they sometimes create very inaccurate links. The second factor is taking sufficient time to make sure the next generation of top management really does personify the new approach. If the requirements for promotion don’t change, renewal rarely lasts. One bad succession decision at the top of an organization can undermine a decade of hard work. Poor succession decisions are possible when boards of directors are not an integral part of the renewal effort. There are still more mistakes that people make, but these eight are the big ones. In a short article everything is made to sound a bit too simplistic. In reality, even successful change efforts are messy and full of surprises. But just as a relatively simple vision is needed to guide people through a major change, so a vision of the change process can reduce the error rate. And fewer errors can spell the differences between success and failure. Further, Kotter has provided eight steps overcome these eight errors.

Mental retardation

This is a term that  was once used  to describe someone who learnt and developed slowly. It is a negative  word  that  hurt  many people. Instead, people use â€Å"intellectual disability† or â€Å"developmental delay†. Mental retardation has  various  categories; mild mental retardation, moderate mental retardation, severe mental retardation, and  profound  mental retardation. Mental retardation has many causes. The following are the causes: low IQ scores, genetic complications, childhood illness and injuries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mental retardation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The media portray disabled people as the same with others. It also portrays people who succeed with disabilities while others  live  with them. The media make people feel better about the condition of this disabled  people  without having to  accommodate  them. Media improves pe ople’s understanding of the disabilities. Forrest Gump Forrest Gump is a  man  who has  low  brain activity but he has devoted  intention. He struggles throughout his childhood. He has one  and only  friend  whose name is Jenny. He has a mother who teaches him the ways of life. She then leaves him to choose his destiny. She believes that her son has the same opportunities as anyone else and nothing can hold him back. Forrest Gump chooses to join the army for service in Vietnam. This is where makes new friends by the names Dan and Bubba. He wins awards and starts a ping pong  craze. Forrest creates a  famous  shrimp fishing fleet and inspires people to  jog. He writes bumper stickers and songs. He also meets the  president  several times. Despite all these, everything is irrelevant to him since he can only think about his childhood best friend-Jenny. At long last, he wants to prove to everyone that anyone can love anybody. A low IQ man gives his lif e’s story to people waiting in a bus station.  A  man  with  low  intelligence has accomplished  great  things,  which nobody  could imagine is possible. â€Å"Forrest Gump† is a  story  of a man who rose above his challenges and proved that  ability is  less significant than  courage, love, and determination. This story covers the life of Forrest Gump and his meeting with the love of his life Jenny. Also, the film covers his accidental experiences with some of the most famous people and events in America including the  meeting  with Elvis Presley. He becomes a  representative  of  the baby boomer generation having walked through life  blindly. Ways in which Forrest Gump  was portrayed The portraying of Forrest Gump is either in a positive or negative light. He has limited IQ and at the same time seems to have  unlimited  love and  devotion  for the love of his life Jenny (Robin Wright).Advertising Looking for essa y on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gump’s color-blindness makes him  involve  himself with all black church, showing obedience to his loving mother and to the authorities around him. Gump’s film is off children due to the fallen world around him. Forrest did not have many friends. For example, during his first  day  in school, he could not  board  the school bus since no one could  allow  him sit next to him. Depiction of intellectual disabilities People with intellectual disabilities or learning disabilities  are  not able to  give  narrative about them. Many people do not know the meaning of intellectual disabilities. Therefore, it all depends with how this  condition  is culturally accepted  and how it  is known  medically. Name given to Forrest in the Movie Children in school call him â€Å"stupid† and throw stones at Gump. His  sweetheart  Jenny tells him to  run away. He miraculously breaks off his braces and runs extremely fast as if he did not  have  them  previously. This  name  Ã¢â‚¬Å"stupid† brings about his meeting with  many  celebrates. For example, Elvis Presley comes to see him in his house while the president honours him with a medal. Better understanding of mental retardation People would  get  a better understanding of mental retardation in some cases like when Forrest becomes a celebrant and receives a  medal  of  honour  in all American football. Many people cannot have a better understanding of mental retardation. They believe that mental retarded people do not have any ability to do anything. Others  despise  these people. They do not  accept  the in their families and look at them as a burden to them. Most of these retarded people end up begging throughout their lives. This is because they lack financial support from their families (Zigler 202). The biggest advocates i n the film Forrest’s mother is an  advocate  who believes that her son is capable of doing what other people can. She tells her son that nothing can  hold  him back. Also, Jenny helps him by keeping him  company  to and  from school. She helps him stop feeling out of place. She loves him while others despise him although she then realises that she does not deserve his love. Also, the president who honours him with a medal is a leading advocate. He motivates him through awards. Through doing this, he makes him feel recognised in the society just like any other person.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mental retardation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Zigler, Edward, and Robert M. Hodapp.  Understanding mental retardation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Print. This essay on Mental retardation was written and submitted by user Adele Nguyen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog Top Ten Pick-Up Lines inLiterature

Top Ten Pick-Up Lines inLiterature For the Power of Words, I give you Exhibit A: Arthur Miller (Death of a Salesman, The Crucible)  and Marilyn Monroe. As Exhibit B: Salman Rushdie (The Satanic Verses, Midnights Children)  Ã‚  and  Padma Lakshmi. I could go on. Here are ten great lines from literature that just might help you get lucky, too.   1.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it. From  The Picture of Dorian Gray  by Oscar Wilde 2.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"What holds the world together, as I have learned from bitter experience, is sexual intercourse.†   From  Tropic of Cancer  by Henry Miller 3.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"I used to think marriage was a plate-glass window just begging for a brick.†   From  Written on the Body  by Jeanette Winterson 4.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"I seemed like a baby bird keeping its truly innocent animal lusts hidden under its wing. I was being tempted, not by the desire of possession, but simply by unadorned temptation itself.†   From  Confessions of a Mask  by Yuko Mishima (yep, thats really him) 5.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"If you ask me what I want, I’ll tell you. I want everything.† From  Pussy, King of the Pirates  by Kathy Acker 6.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The first breath of adultery is the freest.† -From Couples  by John Updike 7.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Stuff me in a tutu and let’s screen experimental videos all day.†   From  The Ask  by Sam Lipstye 8.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"He was now in that state of fire that she loved. She wanted to be burnt.†   From  Delta of Venus  by Anais Nin 9.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"I want to do with you what spring does with the cherry trees.†   From  Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair  by Pablo Neruda 10.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"A little she strove, and much repented, /  And whispering, ‘I will ne’er consent’ - consented.†   From  Don Juan  by Lord Byron

Mastaba, the Original Pyramids

Mastaba, the Original Pyramids A mastaba is a large rectangular structure that was used as a type of tomb, often for royalty, in Ancient Egypt. Mastabas were relatively low (especially when compared to pyramids), rectangular, flat-roofed, roughly bench shaped burial structures that were created and utilized for the pre-Dynastic pharaohs or nobility of Ancient Egypt. They had distinct sloping sides and were typically made of mud bricks or stones. The mastabas themselves served as visible monuments for the prominent Egyptian nobility that they housed, although the actual burial chambers for the mummified corpses were underground and were not visible to the public from the outside of the structure. Step Pyramid Technically, mastabas preceded the original pyramid. In fact, pyramids developed directly from mastabas, as the first pyramid was actually a type of step pyramid, which was constructed by stacking one mastaba directly on top of a slightly larger one. This process was repeated several times in order to create the initial pyramid. The original step pyramid was designed by Imhotepin the third millennium BC. The sloping sides of traditional pyramids were adopted directly from mastabas, although the flat roof typical of mastabas was replaced by a pointed roof in pyramids. The common flat-sided, pointed pyramid also developed directly from the mastabas. Such pyramids were created by modifying the step pyramid by filling in the uneven sides of the pyramids with stones and lime in order to create the flat, even outward appearance. This eliminated the stair-like appearance of step pyramids. Thus, the progression of pyramids went from the mastabas to the step pyramids to the bent pyramids (which was an in-between form of the step pyramid and the triangular shaped pyramids), and then finally the triangle shaped pyramids, like those seen at Giza. Usage Eventually, during the Old Kingdom in Egypt, Egyptian royalty such as kings stopped being buried in mastabas, and began being buried in more modern, and more aesthetically pleasing, pyramids. Egyptians of non-royal background continued to be buried in mastabas. From the Encyclopedia Britannica: â€Å"Old Kingdom mastabas were used chiefly for non-royal burials. In nonroyal tombs, a chapel was provided that included a formal tablet or stela on which the deceased was shown seated at a table of offerings. The earliest examples are simple and architecturally undemanding; later a suitable room, the tomb-chapel, was provided for the stela (now incorporated in a false door) in the tomb superstructure. Storage chambers were stocked with food and equipment, and walls were often decorated with scenes showing the deceased’s expected daily activities. What had earlier been a niche on the side grew into a chapel with an offering table and a false door through which the spirit of the deceased could leave and enter the burial chamber.†

Current impression of the american legal system Essay

Current impression of the american legal system - Essay Example Go back to the beginning: Problems arise between people; many of the problems go away by themselves, and others are solved through negotiation, economic pressure, or other informal means. But there remains a residuum of disputes that the parties cannot solve for themselves. The litigation process provides a mechanism for resolving those disputes. Consider what happens in subcultures in which litigation is unavailable. Among drug dealers, for example, disputes and claims of right are likely to be settled with drive-by shootings. But even aside from the threat of violence, the presence of unresolved grievances corrodes the public's sense of social order and well-being. In a fair, well-ordered, smoothly functioning society, problems get solved and injustices get corrected. We don't need a complex, adversarial legal system to resolve these disputes, however. We could adopt a much cheaper, simpler procedure-a judge could simply flip a coin to decide who wins. Or even simpler--set up computerized kiosks that would randomly generate decisions. The courts and police would then simply enforce the decisions determined by chance. That system could resolve many more problems at much lower cost. But a judicial system based on chance violates two of our fundamental beliefs about fairness: The courts should render decisions based on rules of substantive law that are fair, and they should do so after observing a fair process. The first task of civil procedure, then, is to implement substantive rules of law and the values and policies on which they are based. When a legislature or court announces a rule of law, the rule acquires authority simply by virtue of being the law. People respect the law and usually obey it without the threat of sanctions for failing to do so. But litigation provides both a backup mechanism for those cases in which people do not conform their conduct to the requirements of the law, and a forum in which the values and policies underlying the law can be articulated, reinforced, and worked out in new situations. Although no procedural system does this perfectly, a fair system will reduce the possibility of error by removing the barriers to a focused decision-making process. Civil procedure has a second task, too. We are offended by a dispute resolution system based on chance or corruption because it violates our understanding of fair process, in addition to being unlikely to produce results in accordance with just principles of substantive law. Civil procedure has an independent value in creating a litigation process that conforms to our concepts of fairness. A fair procedural system provides a public affirmation of our belief in justice under law. It also affirms the dignity of the individual litigants and of others like them. Litigation, like electoral politics, is an arena in which individuals can assert their values and the significance of their own interests. "Having your day in court" is a cherished American tradition. The role of civil procedure is to make sure that the day in court is a meaningful one. Under an adversary system as developed in the United States, fair process has several essential components. Parties to litigation must have an opportunity to adequately develop the facts and law in support of their cases and to present the relevant facts and legal arguments to the decision-maker. In the typical case, the parties must have a right to have a jury determine the facts of the case. The

Equiano and Pontiac Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Equiano and Pontiac - Essay Example While the author seems to admit helplessness in dealing with the slavery, the impression created is the slavery of separation between slaves. In other words, even though slavery was the order of the day, Equiano’s bitterness is on the incarceration the slaves have to endure. In this regard, the aspect of the write could be seen as one that embraces slavery but fights against separation. The above conclusions have been as a result of the tone, language and the words used in the lamentations by the writer. For instance, the statement, â€Å"must every tender feeling be sacrificed to your avarice† is intended to show that even slaves had their ambitions which sadly had to be sacrificed to please the masters. Further, the writer laments that slaves are denied the chance to hobnob wherever they are. Therefore, usage of these statements and words show the aspect from which the writer is speaking. Evidently, Neolin’s criticism in regard toward slavery is the tendency by the Indians to seize the resources of other nations. With strong language and seemingly preparedness, the writer is adamant that the Indians are focused on impoverishing others by forcefully seizing resources. Additionally, the writer is very vehement in criticizing the action by the said group to dictate what kind of food the locals ought to consume. Finally, there is strong element in the purchase of weapons from the Indians by the locals. The writer creates the impression that even without the group’s help, the local people would still live normally courtesy of their religious belief in God. While both writers agree on the needlessness of slavery, the difference is in addressing their slave masters. While Equiano takes an approach that could be described as a rebuke, Pontiac seems to be prepared to fight them. Additionally, Equiano chooses to rebuke the oppressors using their own faith unlike Pontiac who uses his belief. Moreover, Pntiac goes a

Underlying themes in the novel Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Underlying themes in the novel Frankenstein Essay Although he could have chosen a male counterpart, he desired that of a female. Shelley creates not only a feeling of isolation through the lack of friendship, but also a sense of incompleteness. She suggests that love cannot exist without friendship, as the only love Victor ever expressed was toward his two best friends; Elizabeth and Clerval. Shelley also creates the theme of opposites; that bonds are often formed between two different individuals, that in turn balance one another. The most obvious case of this would be between Victor and Clerval. The two are quite different in several aspects, yet they enjoy life the most when they are together. This ties into the theme mentioned earlier regarding friendship, that individuals balance and complete each other. Frankenstein is constantly obsessed with his studies, pursuing knowledge and discovery. Clerval was simply in love with life, and although he seemingly had interests in education as well, it was merely a way to stay close to his life-long companion. While Victor is recuperating from one of his several breakdowns, it becomes extremely evident how different he is from his friend. As the two set sail on the water, Clerval marvels at the beauty of nature, life and spring. Victor merely looks at everything with disinterest, thinking of the projects he must soon pursue. Although their minds are in different places, Victor rises out of his melancholy for a time, and is uplifted by the youthful joy of his friend, harmony was the soul of (their) companionship. It is likely that someone in an extreme state of depression may have been aggravated by someone so elated, but Shelley implies otherwise with the outcome Clerval causes. It is extremely ironic in that the most obvious case of two individuals complimenting each other, and becoming dependent on one another, is between Victor and his creation. Shelley created the two as the most extreme case of opposites, one creating life, and one taking it. The monster was obsessed with obtaining friendship, while Victor was constantly seeking isolation to arrange his thoughts. Harold Bloom states Victor represents the feelings, and his nameless monster the intellect (pp 280). This is quite true, as Victor is driven by emotion; fear, guilt, greed, etc. In contrast the daemon is powered by what he has learned, not what he actually feels. Although it seems he has the ability to become quite emotional, he is driven more so by intellectual passions than anything else. Shelley creates the two this way to show how they compliment each other, and although they are not exactly an example of friendship, they are indeed a union of being. Their lives revolve around one another, neither willing to exist without the pursuit of the other. Indeed, Mary Shelley asserts that individuals are often joined together by their differences. This was shown through Frankenstein and his scientific interests, Clerval with his poetry (Masao Miyoshi pp 287) and several other differences in character. It was also ironically demonstrated through the union of Victor and his creation, who were direct mirrors of one another. Mary Shelley uses the interactions and emotions of her characters to express her views on friendship. Victor and his many acquaintances compliment each other, suggesting that opposites attract, and his deep bond with Elizabeth illustrates Shelleys views regarding heterosexual relationships. She feels that friendship is a crucial part of being, as man discovers and fulfills himself through others (Kiely pp 296). Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Cultural Communication Essay -- essays research papers

Culture can be defined as, â€Å"learned behaviors that are communicated from one generation to another to promote individual and social structure† (Communication; Making Connections, 44). In other words, information and behavior that is appropriate to where we live, where we have come from, and the traditions of those places are handed down along generations to insure that they continue. These behaviors help us identify who we are and who our ancestors were. American culture is an eclectic combination of many races from all over the world coming together to create a culture unlike those found anywhere else. A very different culture can be found in Eastern Europe, specifically the culture found in France. Considering the events that lead up to the United State’s War on Terror, and France’s refusal to help, it is important for Americans to understand this different culture and many of the communication barriers that have lead to the hostility between the two nati ons. These communication barriers can be overcome through patience, understanding, respect for the other culture, and by seeking similarities between the two to create a common ground of understanding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The social structure in most countries is most often created through war and political change. The American colonists overthrew their tyrannical government during the American Revolution. This drastic change allowed for the colonies to create their own sense of individuality. People of different ethnicities began to merge as they settled the same areas, yet still maintained many aspects of their homelands. America is now foreseen as a great ‘melting pot’ of diversity. For over hundreds of years, people from all over the world have come to America looking for the freedoms they are often denied in their native lands. As the Statue of Liberty states, â€Å"Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,† (msn.Encarta.com). The United States prides itself on being considered a safe haven for all who seek it. France also went under a drastic change after its own revolution, but with very different results. Up until 1789, the beginning of the war, less than half of the population actually spoke French. After the Revolution, the new French government tried to create a un... ...t† (Communications; Making Connections, 46). In other words, a cultural relativist is willing to put themselves in the place of another from a different culture in order to identify with them without making judgments. It is important to note that understanding is not the same as accepting cultural difference or condoning them. Using these concepts, one can begin the process of effective communication across a variety of cultures. Though divided by the Atlantic Ocean, language, politics and social structure, the United States and France have much in common. Both countries revolted against their corrupt governments to establish better ways of life. Both countries believe that their stands on issues are for the benefit of the rest of the world. Coincidentally, French architect, Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel, designed both the Eiffel Tower and the Statue of Liberty, each symbols of their respective nations. The Statue of Liberty was given to the United States by France to commemorate the alliance the two countries during the American Revolution. If we use our similarities to build bridges instead of differences to build walls, communication between cultures can be effective and beneficial.

A Bintel Brief †Jewish Daily Forward Essay

The Bintel Brief is a column in the Jewish Daily Forward, which was formed in 1906. During this time many Jewish immigrants have suffered a great deal of depression and anxiety because of being Jewish. Often separated from family and bewildered by life in a new country, thousands of Jewish immigrants wrote to the offices of the Jewish Daily Forward. Nothing like existed in the homeland. It seemed so American, so up-to-date, and so very needed. It was an advice column for the new Jewish immigrants, to help them with their new lives. It was called the â€Å"Bintel Brief†, Yiddish language for â€Å"Bundle of Letters. † The paper’s founder and editor was Abraham Cahan (1860-1951). Cahan formed the Bintel Brief to listen to the many Jewish immigrants from Russia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Middle East as they live life through hardships at the turn of the century and speak of issues through the experiences of the immigrants. Cahan would answer back with practical and sometimes very wise advice. His intended audience was mainly the immigrants of New York City. Cahan’s commitment to social realism makes his work a valuable source for insight into ways in which immigrants perceived their situation. The Jewish Daily Forward did its part to bring familiarity and bring comfort to the Jewish immigrants, to give advice, to aid those in need, and to bring together the Jewish community in America. The main detectable bias in the source is that the immigrants were lonely and needed something to turn to. Abraham Cahan founded the Jewish Daily Forward and served as the editor until his death in 1951. The major tensions of immigrant life that were revealed in the letters were the cries of help from the very poor, problems dealing with religion and discrimination, people dealing with job decisions. All the problems in the Bintel Brief are difficulties faced by immigrants and the consequences that they must face because of being who they are. Mothers were known to find their lost children through the Bintel Brief and many people lost their spouses due to discrimination. The Bintel Brief was there for any Jew to turn to if they needed it. Cahan’s responses were in likely for the Jewish immigrants. These people needed someone to discuss their problems with. Cahan’s advice given was to improve the depression and hardships the person was having. Thousands of readers wrote to the editor, asking for help with a host of issues created by their effort to blend the customs and rituals of the old world with the practices and pressures of the new. In conclusion, his advice given in the Bintel Brief is similar to the advice in columns of today such as â€Å"Dear Abby† and daytime talk shows. His advice given today is always for the good of the people.

Panipat Cotton

The slump in cotton price from Rs 4,800 per quintal last season to around Rs 4,000 this season has become a blessing in disguise for Panipat-based home textile exporters. It is helping them to contain their input cost by around 5 to 6 per cent. Home-grown textile companies have increased their trade volumes and are passing this margin to consumers in Latin America, Middle East and African markets.Pawan Kumar, a Sonipat-based innovative farmer dealing in cotton said, â€Å"Last season, we had sold our cotton at around Rs 4,600 per quintal to around Rs 4,900 per quintal. But, in current season, the return has been in the range of Rs 3,900 to Rs 4,100 per quintal, down by around 20 per cent. † JUMP IN VOLUME Prem Sagar VI], president of Panipat Exporters Association said, â€Å"The export market of Panipat has been hit by around Rs 1,000 crore in last financial year due to the Euro Zone crisis. This sliding cotton prices are giving us (textile exporters) tab our input ost by aro und 5 to 6 per cent. However, lowering price of cotton does not result in increasing the profitability of the Panipat home textile exporters. He said that overseas clients are well aware about this new development in the domestic market as they do while following the rupee- dollar convertibility. â€Å"It is helping us to compete against Pakistani and Bangladeshi products (which are cheaper than Indian home textile products by around 15 per cent to even 20 per cent in some cases) and we are able to dent in their market, especially in Venezuela,Panama, Brazil, IJAE, Syria, South Africa. These are the major countries which have shown interest in pursuing business with us this year by shifting their loyalty from Pakistan and Bangladesh. † Prem Sagar VIJ said that these markets have the potential to generate around Rs 500 crore-Rs 600 crore per annum (around 15 per cent of the net export turnover in 2012)

Accept the Effect

Accept the Effect Accept the Effect Accept the Effect By Catherine Osborn AFFECT/EFFECT These words give writers trouble since the two can be both a noun and a verb, although affect is typically verb and effect, noun. Normally, you will use affect to denote influence. For example: If I play music will it affect your studying? Affect used as a noun means emotion. On the other hand, effect, which is more commonly used as a noun, relates to the consequence or result. The effects of the drug have long since worn off. As a verb, it means to cause or to accomplish: The tornado effected a change in our plan. ACCEPT/EXCEPT Another couple of closely related words which mean different things are accept and except. Accept will refer to receiving or approval of something. I accept your apology. Except refers to an exclusion, as in, not including. I took all those classes except math. Because they sound so similar, these words often become interchanged when we write but meaning two different things, they can really botch a sentence’s meaning! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)How to Address Your Elders, Your Doctor, Young Children... and Your CEO

Learning to Edit News Stories Quickly

Learning to Edit News Stories Quickly Students in news editing classes get plenty of homework that involves - you guessed it - editing news stories. But the problem with homework is that its often not due for several days, and as any experienced journalist can tell you, editors on deadlines must usually fix stories within a matter of minutes, not hours or days. So one of the most important skills a student journalist must cultivate is the ability to work fast. Just as aspiring reporters must learn to complete news stories on deadline, student editors must develop the ability to edit those stories quickly. Learning to write rapidly is a fairly straightforward process that involves building up speed by banging out stories and exercises, over and over again. There are editing exercises on this site. But how can a student journalist learn to edit more quickly? Here are some tips. Read the Story All the Way Through Too many beginning editors try to start fixing articles before theyve read them from start to finish. This is a recipe for disaster. Poorly written stories are minefields of things like buried ledes and incomprehensible sentences. Such problems cant be properly fixed unless the editor has read the entire story and understands what it SHOULD say, as opposed to what it IS saying. So before editing a single sentence, take time to make sure you really understand what the story is all about. Find the Lede The lede is by far the most important sentence in any news article. Its the make-or-break opening that either entices the reader to stick with the story or sends them packing. And as Melvin Mencher said in his seminal textbook News Reporting Writing, the story flows from the lede. So its no surprise that getting the lede right is probably the most important part of editing any story. Nor is it surprising that many inexperienced reporters get their ledes horribly wrong. Sometimes ledes are just very badly written. Sometimes theyre buried at the bottom of the story. This means an editor must scan the entire article, then fashion a lede thats newsworthy, interesting and reflects the most important content in the story. That can take a little time, but the good news is that once youve created a good lede, the rest of the story should fall into line fairly quickly. Use Your AP Stylebook Beginning reporters commit boatloads of AP Style errors, so fixing such mistakes becomes a big part of the editing process. So keep your stylebook with you all the time; use it every time you edit; memorize the basic AP Style rules, then commit a few new rules to memory every week. Follow this plan and two things will happen. First, youll become very familiar with the stylebook and be able to find things more quickly; second, as your memory of AP Style grows, you wont need to use the book as often. Dont Be Afraid to Rewrite Young editors often worry about changing stories too much. Maybe theyre not yet sure of their own skills. Or maybe theyre afraid of hurting a reporters feelings. But like it or not, fixing a really awful article often means rewriting it from top to bottom. So an editor must cultivate a confidence in two things: his own judgment about what constitutes a good story vs. a real turd, and his ability to turn the turds into gems. Unfortunately, theres no secret formula for developing skill and confidence other than practice, practice and more practice. The more you edit the better youll get, and the more confident youll be. And as your editing skills and confidence grow, so too will your speed.

Humancomputer interaction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Humancomputer interaction - Assignment Example The mental model encompasses operations that work in just like the computer. Most of the computer interfaces developed for visually impaired individuals are designed for those who have not lost their sight completely. Many HCI use several other types of feedback such as haptic and tactile feedback system. However, these interfaces are normally supplemental to the visual communication. As such, it is essential to note that those who have not lost their sight completely will be in an enhanced position to access several computer applications based on the haptic and tactile system, Clifford (2008). When interacting with the computer, some of the critical movements very useful include movement aside (Fig. 1a), pressure (Fig. 1b), static contact (Fig. 1c) and encircle and follow object contour exploration procedures Individuals with no sight or with reduced sight use these model in an analogous way. A significant constituent of the ability to create cognitive models for features in the physical world is closely correlated to the sense of feeling or touching. Touching is the only sense that allows simultaneous input and output interaction with the computer in two directions. The usual interfaces for normal people use only one